Separation anxiety in cats

Separation anxiety is less common in cats compared to dogs. Cats tend to be more independent and happy to spend time on their own. However, cats require stability and routine, and sudden changes can lead to a range of behavioural issues.

When cats experience separation problems, it can lead to destructive behaviours, excessive vocalisation, and significant stress for both the cat and their family. These behaviours can become extreme if not treated properly. The term separation anxiety is also used to describe this behaviour. Identifying the underlying reasons and applying effective strategies to manage and reduce these issues can significantly improve the situation.

Why

Why does my cat have separation anxiety?

Various factors can contribute to the development of separation-related problems in cats, though sometimes the trigger remains unknown. Potential contributing causes include:

Being weaned too early or hand-reared
House cats (indoor-only) with one owner
Response from a traumatic experience
Inadequate physical or mental stimulation
Being suddenly left alone when used to constant companionship
Change of ownership
Changes in routine or environment
Health problems, such as dementia

If left untreated, separation-related behaviours often worsen over time and can become very challenging to manage. Seeking professional advice as early as possible is recommended.

Our Joii vets are available 24 hours a day, they can provide support and advice on what to do next.

Things to lookout for

What are the signs of separation anxiety in cats?

The most common signs associated with separation anxiety are:

Restlessness
Excessive vocalisation or meowing
Reduced appetite
Lethargy
Destructive behaviour, such as scratching furniture
Inappropriate toileting in the house
Spraying
Overgrooming

What to do

What to do if your cat is showing signs of separation anxiety

It’s important to consult a vet as soon as possible, as separation problems can quickly worsen if not addressed appropriately.

Keep a diary, noting the signs your cat displays, the frequency, and any patterns in the behaviour.
Your vet may recommend a physical examination to rule out underlying medical issues.
If no medical problems are found, the next step may be a referral to a behaviourist.

When selecting a behaviourist, it’s important to make sure you check their accreditations. It is extremely important to find someone suitably qualified who uses ethical and up-to-date techniques. Your vet will also be able to help you find a suitable behaviourist; many only work with referrals. See the following organisations for more information about behaviour specialists:

ABTC (Animal Behaviour and Training Council) is a regulatory body that sets and maintains standards for the profession and has a national register for appropriately qualified animal trainers and behaviourists.
CCAB (Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist): an accreditation scheme by the ASAB (Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour).
FAB (Fellowship of Animal Behaviour Clinicians) has a list of certified members and promotes high ethical standards and up-to-date techniques.
APBC (Association of Pet Behaviour Counsellors) is a network of experienced and qualified counsellors.

What not to do

What not to do if your cat is showing signs of separation anxiety

Don’t ignore the problem. Ignoring the issue can lead to the problems worsening. The behaviour can then become more difficult to resolve.
Do not continue to leave them alone for extended periods. Cats do not “grow out” of separation problems, the problem can actually worsen.
Never punish your cat. Punishing your cat can increase their stress and make the problem worse.
Avoid making a big fuss when you leave or return.
Do not use medication on its own. Calming supplements or prescription medications can help reduce stress but they should always be used alongside a behavioural modification plan. They have limited use alone.

How to avoid or prevent separation anxiety in cats

The following steps can reduce the likelihood of separation-related problems:

Keep to routine: Cats find sudden changes stressful. Try to keep a consistent day-to-day routine as much as possible.
Provide physical stimulation: Make sure your cat gets appropriate physical exercise on a daily basis.
Provide mental stimulation: Use puzzle or interactive toys when they are left alone.
Provide safe outdoor access: Cats like to explore. If it is safe to do so, allow your cat outdoor access.
Create a safe space for them: Provide a comfortable and quiet area in the house that they can escape to, ideally up high.
Introduce background noise: Leave radio or TV on for them when they are alone.
Use a pheromone diffuser to help create a calming environment
Build up slowly: Start by leaving your cat alone for short periods and gradually increase as they become more comfortable.

When to worry