Separation-related problems are a common issue that can affect dogs of any age. When dogs experience separation problems, it can lead to destructive behaviours, excessive barking, and significant stress for both the dog and their family. Sadly, if these problems are not treated appropriately, they can become extreme and lead to rehoming or euthanasia.
It’s thought that separation-related problems affect up to 50% of dogs in the UK. And they account for up to 40% of all behaviour referrals. Separation problems have a wide range of causes and signs. The term separation anxiety is also used to describe this behaviour. Understanding the root causes of separation problems and learning effective strategies to manage and alleviate them can make a world of difference.
Why
Why does my dog have separation anxiety?
There are many different factors that can contribute to the development of separation-related problems in dogs. But sometimes the trigger is not known. Possible contributing causes include:
- Natural instinct: a protective response to keep young animals from being left alone or from being exposed to potentially dangerous situations.
- Lack of socialisation or training
- Genetic predisposition
- Response from a traumatic experience
- Inadequate physical or mental stimulation
- Being suddenly left alone when used to constant companionship
- Change of ownership
- Changes in routine or environment
- Health problems, such as dementia
Separation-related behaviours often worsen with time if not treated appropriately. They can become extremely difficult to manage. It’s best to seek professional advice as soon as possible.
Our Joii vets are available 24 hours a day; they can provide support and advice on what to do next.
Things to lookout for
What are the signs of separation anxiety in dogs?
The most common signs associated with separation-related problems are:
- Excessive vocalisation (barking, howling, whining)
- Destructive behaviour (such as chewing or scratching furniture or digging)
- Attempts of escape
- Inappropriate toileting in the house
- Pacing
- Trembling, shaking, drooling or panting
What to do
What to do if your dog is showing signs of separation anxiety
It’s important to speak to a vet as soon as possible. Separation problems can quickly worsen if not treated appropriately.
- Take a diary of what signs your dog is showing, how often and if there are any patterns with the behaviour
- The vet may suggest a physical examination to rule out any underlying medical problems
- If medical problems are ruled out, the next stage is a referral to a behaviourist
When selecting a behaviourist, it’s important to make sure you check their accreditations. It is extremely important to find someone suitably qualified who uses ethical and up-to-date techniques. Your vet will also be able to help you find a suitable behaviourist; many only work with referrals. See the following organisations for more information about behaviour specialists:
- ABTC (Animal Behaviour and Training Council) is a regulatory body that sets and maintains standards for the profession and has a national register for appropriately qualified animal trainers and behaviourists.
- CCAB (Certified Clinical Animal Behaviourist) – an accreditation scheme by the ASAB (Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour).
- FAB (Fellowship of Animal Behaviour Clinicians) has a list of certified members and promotes high ethical standards and up-to-date techniques.
- APBC (Association of Pet Behaviour Counsellors) is a network of experienced and qualified counsellors.
What not to do
What not to do if your dog is showing signs of separation anxiety
- Don’t ignore the problem. Ignoring the issue can lead to the problems worsening. The behaviour can then become more difficult to resolve.
- Do not continue to leave them alone for extended periods. Dogs do not “grow out” of separation problems; the problem can actually worsen.
- Never punish your dog. Punishing your dog can increase their stress and make the problem worse.
- Avoid making a big fuss when you leave or return.
- Do not use medication on its own. Calming supplements or prescription medications can help reduce stress but they should always be used alongside a behavioural modification plan. They have limited use alone.
- Do not immediately neuter your dog. Many people jump straight to neutering for any behavioural problems. This is not recommended for many behavioural issues and can sometimes even worsen the issue.
How to avoid or prevent separation anxiety in dogs
Unfortunately, separation-related problems in dogs are not always avoidable. But the following steps can reduce the likelihood of it occurring.
- Build up slowly: Start by leaving your dog alone for short periods and gradually increase as they become more comfortable.
- Create a safe space for them: Provide a comfortable area in the home with their favourite blankets and toys or consider crate training them.
- Introduce background noise: Leave radio or TV on for them when they are alone.
- Positive reinforcement: Give them treats and cuddles and their favourite toy when they are calm and relaxed.
- Keep to routine: Try to keep a consistent day-to-day routine as much as possible.
- Provide physical stimulation: Make sure your dog gets appropriate physical exercise on a daily basis.
- Provide mental stimulation: Use puzzle or interactive toys when they are left alone.
When to worry
When to worry about separation anxiety in dogs
Seek help from a vet or qualified behaviourist as soon as your dog shows signs of separation-related problems.
Our Joii vet team are available 24 hours a day. They can assess your dog and refer you to our in-app behaviourist if appropriate.