Fear and phobic behaviour in cats
Why does my cat
Symptoms
What to do
Recommended products
What not do to
When is it normal
When to worry
Fear and phobic behaviour in cats
Fear and phobic behaviour are common anxiety traits in cats. Fear is a natural response to a perceived threat and is normal in certain situations. However, when excessive, it can lead to behavioural issues. A phobia, by contrast, is an exaggerated or irrational fear that provokes an intense reaction, often stemming from a past negative experience. Proper socialisation during kittenhood is essential for preventing fears from developing later in life. Common fear triggers include loud noises, unfamiliar people, and changes in routine or environment.
Like humans and dogs, cats can experience fear and develop phobias that affect their well-being and behaviour. If left unaddressed, fear-based behaviours can escalate, potentially resulting in aggression. It is important to seek professional help promptly if your cat shows signs of behavioural issues.
Why does my cat have fear or phobic behaviour?
Cats can develop fear or phobic behaviours for various reasons, often influenced by multiple factors. Common causes of fear include:
Inadequate socialisation: The sensitive period for socialisation of kittens is between 2 and 9 weeks old. This is an extremely important period of development where they are prepared to accept new experiences. However, these interactions need to be positive, slow, and gentle. If kittens are not exposed to different situations, people, or animals during this time, or the interactions are negative, they can develop fear or phobias later in life.
Genetics: Some cats can have a genetic predisposition to developing fear or phobic behaviour. The health and behaviour of their mother can also influence them.
Previous trauma or negative experiences: A previous event can trigger long-lasting fears. This can range from something that seems insignificant to very serious events.
Health problems: being unwell, especially when pain is involved, can lead to fearful behaviour. This is more common in senior cats due to chronic pain (arthritis) and reduced cognitive function.
Other influences: lack of exercise, mental stimulation, and social interaction, or inadequate nutrition can also contribute.
Common triggers of fear or phobic behaviour include:
Loud noises: sound phobias are very common and include fireworks, vacuum cleaners, hairdryers, thunderstorms, construction work and others.
Other animals
Changes in routine or environment
Separation: phobia of being left alone
Unfamiliar people
There are many different types of behavioural abnormalities in cats, and they can often be complex to diagnose and treat. These problems should never be ignored, as they can worsen quickly and sometimes even turn into aggression.
We recommend speaking to a vet as soon as possible if your cat starts exhibiting behavioural abnormalities. Our Joii vets are available 24 hours a day for advice and can refer you to our in-app behaviourist.
How to know if your cat is showing signs of fear or phobic behaviour
Symptoms of fear or phobic behaviour can vary widely and may include:
Excessive vocalising: meowing
Trying to hide or escape
Crouching with their ears pinned back
Overgrooming, hair loss and skin issues
Shaking or trembling
Drooling
Fast or open-mouth breathing
Inappropriate urinating or pooing, spraying in the house
In extreme circumstances, cats can react aggressively with fear or phobias. This includes behaviours like hissing, arching their back, scratching or biting.
Fear can lead to stress cystitis and tummy upsets. Signs of these include vomiting, diarrhoea and straining to urinate. Speak to a vet straight away if you notice these signs.
What to do if your cat is showing signs of fear or phobic behaviour
There are several ways to help if your cat starts showing signs of fear or phobic behaviour:
See a vet. Medical issues such as pain can often cause or worsen abnormal behaviour. It’s important to investigate if there are underlying medical problems.
After, or while, medical problems are being investigated, it’s best to make an appointment with a qualified behaviourist. They will make a behavioural modification plan that suits your cat's needs. Common behavioural techniques include desensitisation and counter-conditioning.
Your vet or behaviourist may suggest anti-anxiety medication alongside the modification plan.
Avoid triggers until you have a modification plan in place with a qualified behaviourist.
Give your cat a safe space at home, somewhere they can retreat to when they are stressed. Put their favourite blankets, toys and chews in their safe space and plug in a pheromone diffuser nearby.
Try to keep a consistent daily routine for your cat.
Make sure they are getting enough physical exercise and mental stimulation.
Focus on positive reinforcement when your cat does not react to stressful situations. Give them their favourite treats, toys or, if they prefer, attention (cuddles or playtime).
Learn to read your cat's body language. So you can recognise signs of fear and act on this early on.
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Behavioural issues in cats typically require time, patience, and perseverance to resolve. They are not usually quick or easy fixes. Such problems can be distressing for both the cat and their owner. It's best to speak to a behaviourist as soon as possible.
When choosing a behaviourist, ensure you find a qualified professional who employs ethical and current techniques. Your veterinarian can also assist you in locating a suitable behaviourist, as many operate solely through referrals.
For more information about behaviour specialists, please refer to the following organisation: ABTC (Animal Behaviour and Training Council) is a regulatory body that sets and maintains standards for the profession and has a national register for appropriately qualified animal trainers and behaviourists.
What not to do if your cat is showing signs of fear or phobic behaviour
Never punish your cat (shout or tell them off) when they are showing fear or phobic behaviour. Punishment can lead to a rapid worsening of symptoms.
Do not suddenly or forcibly expose your cat to their triggers, as this can quickly increase their anxiety.
Do not use supplements or pheromones alone and expect the problem to improve. While calming supplements and pheromones can help naturally calm your cat, they should be used alongside a behaviour modification plan.
Don’t ignore the problem. It won’t go away by itself; most likely, it’ll get worse. Seek professional help as soon as possible.
Is fear or phobic behaviour normal in cats?
Fear is a natural defence mechanism against perceived threats and cannot be entirely eliminated. While it’s normal for cats to experience fear in certain situations, such as unfamiliar environments, excessive fear or phobic reactions can severely affect their quality of life.
When to worry about fear or phobic behaviour in cats
If your cat starts showing any signs of fear or phobic behaviour, it’s best to speak to a behaviourist as soon as possible.
Speak to one of our Joii vets if you have any concerns about your cat’s behaviour. They will be able to give you helpful tips and direct you on the next best steps to take.
