If a cat’s penis becomes trapped outside the prepuce, it could lead to permanent damage. If you’ve noticed that your cat’s penis has been outside of the prepuce for more than a few minutes, or if it appears swollen or painful, speak to a vet straight away.

The penis in cats usually stays inside a protective sheet of skin called prepuce. When the penis remains on the outside and exposed, this could be due to a problem stopping it from going back in (paraphimosis) or to an abnormal erection (priapism). Both of these conditions often disrupt the blood flow inside the penis, and quickly result in complications and permanent damage. Additionally, there may be a serious underlying cause. It’s best to speak to a vet for further advice.

When the penis is only partially exposed, and your cat is straining to pee, this can be due to an urethral obstruction, which is also a serious condition and an emergency. Speak to a vet straight away.

What is an exposed penis in cats?

Paraphimosis is when the penis doesn’t go back into the prepuce. It can be caused by:

• Rings of hair around the penis or the entrance to the prepuce trapping the penis

• Skin of the prepuce becoming inverted and reducing the width of the opening

• The opening of the prepuce being innately too small

• Injury to the exposed penis

• Disease of the brain or spinal cord

• Tumours

• Infections

• Problems with the muscles controlling the penis

Priapism is when an erection does not subside as normal. Possible causes are:

• Blood clot inside the penis preventing blood flow

• Chronic brain inflammation

• Exposure to some drugs, such as methamphetamines

• Nerve or spinal problems

• Tumours

• Damage to the penis

Symptoms of an exposed penis in cats

• Penis often becomes swollen and painful

• Excessive licking

• Restlessness

• Some areas of the penis may become dry

• Some areas of the penis may become dark

• Peeing may be difficult or impossible

Cats at a higher risk of an exposed penis

These problems can affect any male cat. Priapism happens more commonly in neutered cats, while paraphimosis is more common in entire (unneutered) cats.

Diagnosis of exposed penis in cats

While the exposed penis is visibly obvious, the underlying cause may not be immediately apparent and could indicate a more serious condition requiring veterinary assessment.

• A detailed examination may reveal problems with the prepuce or abnormal contents inside

• X-rays or an ultrasound scan may be needed to rule out damage or obstruction

• Nerve problems are investigated with a neurologic exam, and other tests may also be required

Home treatment of an exposed penis in cats

• If the cat is in pain, or there are dark or purple areas in the penis, it is likely there is a serious problem and you should seek vet help straight away

• If there is no or minimal discomfort, and the penis is pink, check for any injuries or objects around the opening of the prepuce, and speak to a vet if you see anything that looks abnormal

Vet treatment of an exposed penis in cats

Vet treatment will depend on the underlying cause.

• If due to swelling or foreign material, correcting this and replacing the penis into the prepuce may be all that is necessary

• If there is a problem with the prepuce preventing the penis for going back in, surgery may be needed to correct this

• If there is urethral obstruction, passing a catheter is urgent. If this is impossible, surgery will be required.

• In severe cases, where the problem cannot be resolved or the penis is severely damaged, amputation may be required

Can an exposed penis in cats be prevented?

Neutering does not prevent these conditions directly, but reduces sexual behaviour and thus the risk of trauma or injury.

When to worry about an exposed penis in cats

Take your cat to see a vet immediately if:

• There are dark or purple areas in the penis

• Your cat is in pain

• There is ongoing bleeding

• Your cat seems to be struggling to pass urine

Speak to a vet as soon as possible if:

• The penis has been exposed for more than a few minutes

• You think there might be abnormal swelling

• Your cat is showing signs of discomfort

The Joii vets are always available to give you advice and answer any concerns you may have