Metritis in female cats is an infection and inflammation of the uterus (womb) that develops shortly after queening (giving birth). A pus-like, foul-smelling vaginal discharge is a common sign of infection. If left untreated, severe metritis can lead to sepsis—a life-threatening condition.

Metritis is most likely to develop in the first 1–2 weeks after a cat gives birth to kittens. The risk is higher after a difficult or assisted birth, or if a kitten or placenta is retained in the womb. Monitor your cat closely during the first few weeks post-birth and contact a vet if she shows signs of illness.

What is metritis in cats?

Metritis is the medical term for uterine infection and inflammation. It usually occurs within the first week after queening, but can also occur during pregnancy, after abortion, or even following mating. Bacteria enter through the open birth canal, leading to infection of the uterine lining. Causes may include:

• Difficult or prolonged labour.

• Assisted delivery or use of instruments.

• A retained kitten or placenta.

• Miscarriage or abortion.

Pyometra is another uterine infection, but it typically occurs in unspayed cats unrelated to recent pregnancy or birth.

Symptoms of metritis in cats

Signs depend on how severe the infection is:

• Vaginal discharge: foul-smelling, pus-like, or bloody.

• Lethargy, fever, or general unwellness.

• Reduced or no appetite.

• Vomiting and/or diarrhoea.

• Ignoring or rejecting kittens (loss of maternal care).

• Low or absent milk production.

Which cats are most at risk of metritis?

Any female cat can develop postpartum uterine infections, but certain factors increase the risk.

Maternal and environmental risks:

• Older age or poor body condition.

• Existing health problems: obesity, diabetes, or other chronic illnesses.

• Poor hygiene during or after birth.

Birth-related risks:

• Prolonged or difficult labour.

• Retained kitten or placenta.

• Uterine trauma during abortion, mating, or delivery.

How do vets diagnose metritis in cats?

Vets diagnose metritis based on your cat’s recent history, symptoms, and physical examination. Be prepared to answer:

• When your cat gave birth.

• If she had any difficulties during labour.

Your vet may recommend:

• Blood tests: to check for infection and overall health.

• Ultrasound or X-rays: to detect any retained kittens, placentas, or abnormal fluid in the uterus.

Vet treatment for metritis in cats

Treatment depends on how sick your cat is and how advanced the infection is.

Options may include:

• Hospitalisation: for fluids, antibiotics, and supportive care

• Medications: antibiotics, pain relief, or drugs to help expel retained material from the uterus.

• Surgery (spay): in severe or unresponsive cases, the uterus may need to be removed.

How can you help your cat with postpartum metritis at home?

There are no safe or effective home treatments for feline metritis. However, home care is vital for recovery and kitten welfare.

• Keep mum and kittens warm, clean, and in a quiet area.

• If mum isn’t nursing, speak to a vet about bottle-feeding kittens.

• Monitor her mammary glands for swelling or discomfort.

• Only express milk or apply warm compresses if advised by your vet.

• Give all prescribed medications exactly as instructed.

If your cat had surgery:

• Let her rest quietly indoors.

• Keep her incision clean and dry.

• Prevent her from jumping or overexerting herself.

Talk to a vet if you have any concerns.

How to prevent metritis in cats

While it’s not always avoidable, you can reduce the risk with proper planning and postnatal care.

• Have your pregnant cat checked by a vet before the birth.

• Know how many kittens to expect, so you can watch for retained placentas or kittens.

• Schedule a vet check within 3 days after queening.

• Watch your cat closely after birth for any changes in behaviour or signs of illness.

• Check for abnormal discharge or painful mammary glands.

• Talk to a vet at the first sign of trouble - early treatment leads to better outcomes.

When to worry about metritis in your female cat after giving birth

Contact a vet urgently if your cat:

• Has a bad-smelling discharge or is visibly unwell.

• Collapses, stops eating, or won’t nurse her kittens.

• Vomits or develops diarrhoea after having treatment.

• Has a wound that opens after surgery.

Joii can help with:

• Recognising the symptoms of post-partum metritis.

• Advice on pregnancy and kitten care.

• Caring for wounds.

• Monitoring recovery.