Dogs are more sensitive to alcohol toxicity than humans. There are different types of alcohol that can cause intoxication in dogs, some in very small amounts. Most dogs will recover from intoxication without long-term consequences, but you should speak to a vet for specific advice. 

Common sources of alcohol intoxication in dogs include spirits and other alcoholic drinks, rubbing alcohol, mouthwash, and hand sanitisers. Windshield de-icers and antifreeze may contain a type of alcohol (methanol). Rising bread dough may also be a source of alcohol and carries the additional risk of causing bloat or an obstruction. There are also many reported cases of alcohol intoxication from “natural” flea treatments that contain alcohol solutions in a spray bottle. The symptoms of alcohol poisoning are very similar to what we see in people, but small amounts cause severe intoxication in dogs, and recovery takes longer. 

What causes alcohol poisoning in dogs? 

The lethal dose of alcohol can be as low as 2.5 g/lb of body weight (5.55 g/kg). For a 5kg dog, this translates to about 3.5 spoonfuls of 40% whiskey. Rubbing alcohol is even more toxic, being able to cause severe signs with doses as low as 0.5 ml/kg if ingested. 

• With concentrated products like hand sanitiser or flea spray, pets can sometimes become intoxicated simply by licking the product off their coat, or even by absorption through the skin. 

• Alcohol is quickly absorbed from the stomach into the blood, and from there it can reach the liver and brain, where it causes most of its damage. 

• Alcohol directly damages the cells in the gut lining and liver, and the nerve cells in the brain are particularly sensitive to being destroyed by alcohol. 

• Severe intoxications may cause coma and death, and long-term exposure may lead to liver problems or brain damage. 

Symptoms of alcohol poisoning in dogs

• Drooling

• Vomiting

• Confusion, disorientation or sleepiness

• Wobbly, stumbling movement

• Excessive drinking

• Excessive peeing

• Drop in body temperature

• Slow breathing

• Trembling

• Seizures

• Coma

• Death

With ingestion of fermenting bread dough, we may also see tummy swelling and pain. 

Dogs at higher risk of alcohol poisoning

• Any dog can be affected, but smaller dogs can be intoxicated with very small amounts

• Young puppies are more likely to try to eat unknown things, increasing the risk of exposure

• Dogs that have liver problems are likely to be more severely affected

Diagnosis of alcohol poisoning in dogs

• Diagnosis is usually based on knowing about exposure and typical symptoms.

• General blood and urine tests may provide some clues. They are also useful in monitoring how the body is being affected by alcohol.

• Blood tests to rule out ethylene glycol poisoning may be recommended if this is a possibility.

Veterinary treatment of alcohol poisoning in dogs

The first and most important step in treating intoxication is stopping the poison from entering the blood and organs. Unfortunately, this is very difficult to achieve with alcohol, given how quickly it’s absorbed.

If treatment can be started before symptoms develop, your vet may recommend emptying your dog’s stomach. This may not be safe to do once symptoms start. If the exposure was on the skin, bathing may be recommended instead. 

• Most cases will need to be hospitalised for 8-12 hours. This is to ensure close monitoring and treatment of symptoms. Treatment usually includes intravenous fluids to maintain hydration, protect kidney function and help the body eliminate toxins.

• Antiemetics are often used to prevent continued vomiting and help the stomach settle.

• Anti-epileptic medications will be used if seizures develop.

• If bread dough has been ingested and is causing bloat, emergency surgery may be required, as this can become fatal.

• Activated charcoal is not thought to be beneficial, unlike with many other intoxications.

Home treatment of alcohol poisoning in dogs

A dog’s body is usually able to eliminate alcohol in 12-24 hours, but some symptoms can lead to severe complications. If your pet has ingested or been exposed to alcohol, speak to a vet straight away for a detailed assessment and further advice.

Prevention of alcohol poisoning in dogs

• Never give drinks or foods containing alcohol to your pets!

• Keep alcohol containing products safely stored and out of reach of your pets, especially if they have an enticing flavour or smell. Store fermenting bread dough safely and out of your pet’s reach.

• Monitor your dog carefully during walks, especially in places where people may have left drinks or food.

• Alcohol-based flea products are generally not recommended due to the risk of intoxication and being less effective.

Living with alcohol poisoning in dogs

• Most dogs will recover fully from mild to moderate cases of alcohol poisoning if symptoms are treated promptly. 

• Repeated exposure over time may lead to liver disease.

When to worry about alcohol poisoning in dogs

Always speak to a vet immediately if you suspect your dog has ingested alcohol, so the risk can be assessed and treatment advice given. If your dog develops any of the following symptoms, see a vet as soon as possible:

• Severe vomiting or drooling

• Confusion or wobbliness

• Weakness or collapse

• Trouble breathing

• Seizures

• Excessive drinking and urination